Conceptual framework

Ecosystem
Services

The concept of ecosystem services is constantly evolving. The trend is toward refining its conceptualization, seeking to improve its effectiveness and inclusion in public policy decisions. It can be understood as the contributions of ecosystems to human well-being, derived from ecological structures and processes that generate tangible and intangible benefits. They are divided into provisioning, regulating, and cultural services.

Classification

Ecosystem services are classified into three categories:

Provisioning

These are contributions from ecosystem structures and functions that generate essential material goods for people. Examples include the provision of food, clean water, and raw materials.

Regulating

These are contributions from ecological processes and ecosystem functions that regulate key environmental conditions that support human well-being.

Cultural

These are intangible contributions from ecosystems that arise from the interaction between ecological structures and processes, and human perception, knowledge, or experience. While these services rely on natural attributes such as landscapes, biodiversity, or ecological processes, their value is realized through the meaning people assign to them.